9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

The laws of thermodynamics deal with the energy transfer and interaction between heat and work, but only in equilibrium systems. Consequently, they allow us to determine the initial and final states, but they cannot be used to predict and quantify the intermediate process. Heat transfer provides methods to determine these processes.

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There are three heat transfer modes:

  • Conduction: occurs in a solid medium by the effect of a temperature gradient that causes the transfer of heat from the highest to lowest temperature zone. The heat transmitted by conduction per unit of time is proportional to the temperature gradient multiplied by the area A.
  • Convection: when a fluid comes into contact with a solid surface, an exchange between the particles of the fluid and the solid occurs. There are two convection processes:
  • Free convection: the driving force comes from the difference in density between particles of the fluid. The temperature and density of the particles in contact with the solid change, causing an upward flow.
  • Forced convection: the driving force comes from the outside and moves a fluid on the surface.
  • Radiation: in the absence of a medium, there is a net heat transfer by radiation between two surfaces at different temperatures due to changes in the electronic configurations of the atoms or molecules that form those surfaces. The heat emitted by radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

The heat transfer cannot be prevented, but the transfer rate can be modified. The heat transfer study is important to determine materials or configurations that optimize the heat exchange rate based on some parameters.

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HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT

1.- PHYSICS 2.- ELECTRONICS 3.- COMMUNICATIONS 4.- ELECTRICITY 5.- ENERGY 6.- MECHATRONICS & AUTOMATION 7.- MECHANICS 8.- FLUID MECHANICS 9.- THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS 10.- PROCESS CONTROL 11.- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 12.- FOOD & WATER TECHNOLOGIES 13.- ENVIRONMENT 14.- BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ACCESSORIES CUSTOMIZED PILOT PLANTS
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS 9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER 9.3.- HEAT PUMPS 9.4.- REFRIGERATION 9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM 9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER 9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS 9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES 9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED HEAT CONDUCTION UNIT - TCCC
  • TCCC
Available
9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

TCCC

Computer Controlled Heat Conduction Unit

The Computer Controlled Heat Conduction Unit, "TCCC", consists of two modules electrically heated.One of the modules is provided of a cylindrical metal bar for the realization of a series of experiments of linear heat conduction. While the ther...
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FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT - TCLFB
  • TCLFB
Available
9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

TCLFB

Free and Forced Convection Heat Transfer Equipment

The Free and Forced Convection Heat Transfer Unit, "TCLFB", allows to study the efficiency ofdifferent exchangers, analyzing the heat transmission coefficients of each exchanger exposedto different airflows.Fan placed in the upper part of the...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED FLOW BOILING DEMONSTRATION UNIT - TFEC
  • TFEC
Available
11.1.3.- BOILING

TFEC

Computer Controlled Flow Boiling Demonstration Unit

The Computer Controlled Flow Boiling Demonstration Unit, "TFEC", has as main component an experimental tube made of two glass concentric tubes. In these tubes two fluids flow crosscurrent: refrigerant, which flows by convection and in an...
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FLOW BOILING DEMONSTRATION UNIT - TFEB
  • TFEB
Available
11.1.3.- BOILING

TFEB

Flow Boiling Demonstration Unit

The Flow Boiling Demonstration Unit, "TFEB", has as main component an experimental tube made of two glass concentric tubes. In thesetubes two fluids flow crosscurrent: refrigerant, which flows by convection and in an ascendant way through the...
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FLUIDIZATION AND FLUID BED HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - TTLFB
  • TTLFB
Available
11.1.1.- FLUIDIZATION

TTLFB

Fluidization and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit

The Fluidization and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit, "TTLFB", has been designed to provide visual and quantitative results related to the flow of air through a packed bed and a fluidized bed made of granular material. It provides clear experimental...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED LAMINAR/VISCOUS FLOW HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - TFLVC
  • TFLVC
Available
9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TFLVC

Computer Controlled Laminar/Viscous Flow Heat Transfer Unit

The Computer Controlled Laminar/Viscous Flow Heat Transfer Unit, "TFLVC", is a laboratory scale unit designed to study heat transfer between hot oil flowing in laminar flow through an internal tube and cold water that flows through the annulus...
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LAMINAR/VISCOUS FLOW HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - TFLVB
  • TFLVB
Available
9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TFLVB

Laminar/Viscous Flow Heat Transfer Unit

The Laminar/Viscous Flow Heat Transfer Unit, "TFLVB", is a laboratory scale unit designed to study heat transfer between hot oil flowing inlaminar flow through an internal tube and cold water that flows through the annulus (ring-shaped area).Oil...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED BOILING HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - TCEC
  • TCEC
Available
11.1.3.- BOILING

TCEC

Computer Controlled Boiling Heat Transfer Unit

The Computer Controlled Boiling Heat Transfer Unit, "TCEC", consists of a heating element horizontally mounted inside a vertical glass chamber submerged in coolant. This heating element is connected to a cylindrical copper sleeve in contact with...
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BOILING HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - TCEB
  • TCEB
Available
11.1.3.- BOILING

TCEB

Boiling Heat Transfer Unit

The Boiling Heat Transfer Unit, "TCEB", consists of a heating element horizontally mounted inside a vertical glass chamber submerged in coolant. This heating element is connected to a cylindrical copper sleeve in contact with the coolant. Attached...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED STEAM TO WATER HEAT EXCHANGER - TIVAC
  • TIVAC
Available
9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIVAC

Computer Controlled Steam to Water Heat Exchanger

The Computer Controlled Steam to Water Heat Exchanger, "TIVAC", is a unit designed to study condensation phenomena in shell and tube heat exchangers. It mainly consists of a steam chamber, which is a vertical cylinder made of resistant glass. The...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED FILM AND DROPWISE CONDENSATION UNIT - TCPGC
  • TCPGC
Available
9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TCPGC

Computer Controlled Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit

The Computer Controlled Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit, "TCPGC", has been specially designed for students use and to provide visual results and quantitative results related to heat transfer during condensation. Self-contained unit, which has...
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FILM AND DROPWISE CONDENSATION UNIT - TCPGB
  • TCPGB
Available
9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TCPGB

Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit

The Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit, "TCPGB", has been specially designed for students use and to provide visual results and quantitative results related to heat transfer during condensation.Self-contained unit, which has its own steam...
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