TPT Equipamento de Distribuição de Pressão em Tubulações

9.1.- FUNDAMENTOS E CONCEITOS BÁSICOS DE TERMODINÂMICA
NOZZLE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION UNIT - TPT

SISTEMAS INOVADORES

The Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit "TPT" has been designed to demonstrate the phenomena associated to fluxes through nozzles and to allow the students investigating quickly the pressure distribution in them.

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Expansões

ICAI

Software Interativo para Educação Assistida por Computador

LABORATÓRIOS

11PTC
 Laboratório para o Centro de Formação Petrolífera
9TV
 Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Termotecnia para o Ensino Técnico e Vocacional
9HE
 Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Termotecnia para o Ensino Superior

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Descrição Geral

The Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit, "TPT", allows to investigate the pressure distribution and the mass flow rate in nozzles (convergentdivergent and convergent nozzles).

The unit includes three types of nozzles:

  • Convergent type (conical) nozzle, with six pressure tappings.
  • Convergent-divergent nozzle, with five pressure tappings.
  • Convergent-divergent nozzle, with eight pressure tappings.

The nozzles are made of brass and have been mechanized accurately. Several pressure tapping are available, being each one connectedto its own manometer.

Compressed air supplied from an external service must be provided to the unit. This air passes through an air filter and pressure regulator to provide constant pressure, clean and water free air to the unit.

In the unit, the air passes through a control valve, which allows an accurate control of the pressure at the inlet of the nozzle. The inlet pressure and inlet temperature are measured and then the air is expanded through the chosen nozzle. When discharging from the nozzle, the pressure is controlled by other valve, and finally the air goes through a flowmeter to the atmosphere. The outlet pressure and outlettemperature are measured before the air passes through the flowmeter.

The unit includes ten manometers: two manometers to indicate the inlet and outlet pressure of the air and the rest to indicate the pressure on the measuring points of the nozzles.

Two thermometers to indicate the air temperature are included.

EXERCÍCIOS E PRÁTICAS GUIADAS

EXERCÍCIOS PRÁTICOS GUIADOS INCLUÍDOS NO MANUAL

  1. Study of the flow in a convergent-divergent nozzle.
  2. Study of the flow in a convergent nozzle.
  3. Visual demonstration of the "choking effect".
  4. Visual demonstration of the pressure distribution.
  5. Visual demonstration of the counter-pressure on the recompression position.
  6. Determination of the inlet pressure effect on the mass flow rate with a constant counter-pressure and comparison with the theoretical predictions.
  7. Determination of the counter-pressure effect on the mass flow rate.
  8. Observation of the pressure distribution in nozzles.

EXERCÍCIOS MAIS PRÁTICOS A SEREM FEITOS COM A UNIDADE

  1. Visual demonstration of under expansion and over expansion with re-compression.
  2. Investigation of the relationship between inlet pressure and mass flow rate.
  3. Investigation of the relationship between outlet pressure and mass flow rate for a convergent nozzle.
  4. Investigation of the relationship between outlet pressure and mass flow rate for convergent-divergent nozzles.
  5. Investigation of the pressure distribution in convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles when working over a variety of overall pressure ratios.
  6. Study of the effect of air temperature at the nozzles inlet and outlet.

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