5.- 能源

能源是为满足特定社会用途而提取和转化的一种自然资源,可以满足社会对商品和服务生产的需求。关于主要能源,我们可以区分可再生能源和不可再生能源。

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可再生能源是指取之不尽,用之不竭的能源。值得注意的是光伏太阳能,太阳能热能,风能,海洋能,地热能和生物燃料。

不可再生或常规能源是自然界中以有限方式发现的能源,通常会对环境造成巨大影响。最常见的是化石燃料,例如煤,石油和天然气,另一方面是通过核裂变和核聚变获得的核能。

为了从这些主要能源获取电能,需要电厂,例如燃煤电厂,联合循环电厂,核电厂,太阳能热电厂,光伏电厂,水力发电厂,风力发电厂等。

如今,不可再生能源日益稀缺,随着全球变暖,能效概念变得越来越重要。在寻求越来越多的先进技术解决方案以在能量产生,在用于其运输的电力系统以及在能量消耗的控制和管理中获得最大效率。技术和能源效率齐头并进。一个例子是智能电网的不断扩展。智能电网的范围从可再生能源发电,输电和配电系统到通过智能电表系统(如智能电表)管理用电。

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能源 子类别

5.1.- 智能电网和电力系统

智能电网是电力系统发展的结果。这些都是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的发展网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。由于可再生能源被纳入电力系统,发电的分散性越来越明显。这就是为什么电力流的分布成为一个巨大的挑战,因为根据基尔霍夫定律,电流往往在更大程度上通过阻抗较低的电力线流通。这就造成了电力网络的极大不平衡,使其性能受到损失。电力电子技术的巨大进步成功地挑战了基希霍夫定律,成功地控制了最复杂的电力网络中的功率流。目前集成到智能电网中用于控制功率流的尖端技术发展包括:移相变压器(PST)、柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)、静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)...

5.2.- 微网格

智能电网是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的进化网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。传统的发电、输电、配电和能源消费的电力系统结构已经不能满足日益增长的能源需求。智能电网...

5.3.- 可再生能源

可再生能源是清洁的、不受限制的、越来越有竞争力的能源。它们是基于利用自然资源的能源:太阳、风、水或植物或动物生物质。它们与化石燃料的区别主要在于它们的多样性、丰富性和在地球任何地方使用的潜力,但最重要的是它们不会产生温室气体。由于开发了可再生能源,就有可能应对气候变化,避免其破坏性影响。温室气体导致的全球变暖是一个事实,这就是为什么联合国确定的目标之一是到2030年实现全民用电。可再生能源有多种类型,如风能、光伏能、水能、生物质能和沼气、地热能、潮汐能、波浪或波浪能、生物乙醇和生物柴油等。鉴于可再生能源的重要性,应强调其主要优势:不排放温室气体,取之不尽,减少对能源的依赖,成本越来越低,...

5.4.- 常规能源

常规能源或不可再生能源是指自然界中以有限方式存在的所有能源。常规能源可分为两类:化石燃料和核燃料。在化石燃料中,我们可以区分出煤、石油和天然气,它们来自数百万年前的生物质,由于一定的压力和温度条件,它们获得了能量特性。化石燃料的优点是容易开采,临时供应量大,价格相对便宜。缺点是向大气中排放污染气体,且污染气体较细。另一方面,核燃料是铀和钚。其优点是连续生产丰富的能源,且在运行过程中不产生温室气体。问题是,它们的储备有限,而且会产生反应性废物。这些能量主要用于生产电能。由于有了发电厂,传统能源是利用这些燃料燃烧产热,然后用它来发电。通常情况下,是在锅炉或燃烧室中燃烧燃料产生蒸汽或加热气体。...

5.5.- 能源储备

如今,传统电网要想向能源分散化迈出决定性的一步,储能是必不可少的。问题在于,电能不能以原来的形式储存,即必须将其转化为其他形式的可以储存的能量。这些储能系统如水泵系统、压缩空气储能系统、飞轮、电化学蓄能器等。水泵系统的工作原理基本上是将水在高空推进,随后利用水因高空积累的势能。随后,流体通过大型管道,在管道中安装与发电机相连的水轮机。它是一个完全可再生的过程,不会产生温室气体排放。缺点是这些系统对环境的影响很大,因为它们需要对土地的地形进行重要修改,以便正确开发能源资源。使用压缩空气的储能系统,简称CAES,是将电能转化为机械能的另一种选择,反之亦然。目的是当风力发电场或光伏发电场的能源...

5.6.- 高压和电气保护系统

如今,电气系统可以说是世界上最大的互联系统之一。从小城镇到整个国家,数百公里的电力线相互连接。即使在海底,岛屿之间也有地下电缆,以满足这些人口的能源需求。高压电气系统是极其复杂的,因为它必须将某些电气变量控制在一定的范围内,不能变化。电压、频率和谐波水平是一些持续监测的电气参数。另外,电流和有功和无功功率流量以及功率因数也是其他决定性参数,以保证输送的电能有足够的质量和效率。此外,为了避免对电网造成不可逆的破坏,高压系统中还设有保护继电器,其目的是为了保护这些网络免受电气故障、雷击、错误操作等影响。由于这些原因,电力系统的设计和管理是一项非常复杂的工作,由于其行为的动态性和不断发生的能量...

5.7.- 安装与维护

当今社会的需求对任何行业来说都是一种挑战,因为行业必须在不断的发展和改造中才能适应这些需求。近年来,由于新的工业革命或 "工业4.0","工业物联网"(IIoT)和 "智能工厂...

能源 设备

Showing 91-120 of 138 item(s)
COMPUTER CONTROLLED RADIAL FLOW TURBINE - TFRC
  • TFRC
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源

TFRC

径流涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Computer Controlled Radial Flow Turbine, "TFRC", consists of a small-scale radial flow turbine with two nozzles at 90 degrees to the perpendicular direction of the axis of rotation.In order to raise the fluid, it has a computer controlled pump...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED AXIAL FLOW TURBINE - TFAC
  • TFAC
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源

TFAC

轴流涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Computer Controlled Axial Flow Turbine, "TFAC", consists of a small-scale turbine with single-stage axial flow input. It has eight nozzles that act as water rings to the rotor, four of which have an incidence angle of 20º and the other four of...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTAL REACTION TURBINE - HTRC
  • HTRC
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源

HTRC

实验用反应涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Experimental Reaction Turbine, Computer Controlled (PC), "HTRC", allows to study the characteristics of operation of a small scale reaction turbine.This unit includes suitable instrumentation to measure the main parameters:There is a pressure...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTAL IMPULSE TURBINE - HTIC
  • HTIC
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源

HTIC

实验用冲击涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Computer Controlled Experimental Impulse Turbine, "HTIC", allows to study the characteristics and the behavior of a small scale impulse turbine.This unit includes suitable instrumentation to measure the main parameters:There is a pressure...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED BIOETHANOL PROCESS UNIT - EBEC
  • EBEC
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBEC

计算机控制的生物乙醇处理设备

The Computer Controlled Bioethanol Process Unit, "EBEC", has been designed to study and control the bioethanol production process on a laboratory scale. This unit allows to monitor and examine all the important processes, from liquefaction and...
BIOETHANOL PROCESS UNIT - EBEB
  • EBEB
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBEB

的生物乙醇处理设备

The Bioethanol Process Unit (EBEB) has been designed to study and control the bioethanol production process on a laboratory scale. This unit allows to monitor and examine all the important processes, from liquefaction and saccharification of the...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED BIOGAS PROCESS UNIT - EBGC
  • EBGC
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBGC

电脑控制沼气处理设备

The Computer Controlled Biogas Process Unit, "EBGC", is supplied with two packed anaerobic digesters. In this way, the user can work either in only one stage or in two stages, separating the different phases of the digestion process (the processes...
BIOGAS PROCESS UNIT - EBGB
  • EBGB
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBGB

沼气处理设备

The Biogas Process Unit, "EBGB", is supplied with two packed anaerobic digesters. In this way, the user can work either in only one stage or in two stages, separating the different phases of the digestion process (the processes of hydrolysis,...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED BIODIESEL PROCESS UNIT - EBDC
  • EBDC
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBDC

计算机控制生物柴油的工艺设备

The process carried out by the Computer Controlled Biodiesel Process Unit, "EBDC", consists of the transformation of the fatty acids from vegetable oils into a biofuel of high energetic power.The process basically consists of two well-defined...
BIODIESEL PROCESS UNIT - EBDB
  • EBDB
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBDB

生物柴油的工艺设备

The process carried out by the Biodiesel Process Unit, "EBDB", consists on transforming the fatty acids contained in vegetable oils into a high energy content biofuel.Basically, the process consists of two well-defined stages:Stage I: Mixing the...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED BIOMASS PROCESS UNIT - EBMC
  • EBMC
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBMC

计算机控制生物质的工艺设备

The main element of the unit is the biomass boiler, which will heat the water that will flow through the other components transferring its heat.The boiler is a biomass boiler of 16 kW that works with pellet and other granulated fuels. The body of...
BIOMASS PROCESS UNIT - EBMB
  • EBMB
Available
5.3.7.- 生物燃料

EBMB

Biomass Process Unit

The main element of the unit is the biomass boiler, which will heat the water that will flow through the other components transferring its heat.The boiler is a biomass boiler of 16 kW that works with pellet and other granulated fuels. The body of...
FUEL CELL ENERGY APPLICATION - AEL-FCLL
  • AEL-FCLL
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

AEL-FCLL

燃料电池应用

The Fuel Cell Energy Application, "AEL-FCLL", has been designed by EDIBON to demonstrate how fuel cells work.This application includes a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack composed of several cells in the shape of a ribbed plate that...
PEM FUEL CELL ADVANCED UNIT - EC6B
  • EC6B
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

EC6B

质子交换膜燃料电池组(先进)

The PEM Fuel Cell Advanced Unit, "EC6B", has been designed to allow the students to understand the fuel cells technology, especially that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM). It also enables to calculate several fundamental parameters of...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED PEM FUEL CELL UNIT - EC5C
  • EC5C
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

EC5C

计算机控制质子交换膜燃料电池组

The Computer Controlled PEM Fuel Cell Unit, "EC5C", has been designed by EDIBON to allow the students to understand the fuel cells technology, especially that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM). It also enables to calculate several...
PEM FUEL CELL UNIT - EC5B
  • EC5B
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

EC5B

质子交换膜燃料电池设备

The PEM Fuel Cell Unit, "EC5B", has been designed by EDIBON to allow the students to understand the fuel cells technology, especially that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM). It also enables to calculate several fundamental parameters...
ELECTROLYZER (3 NL/H) - EDILAB-ELEC1
  • EDILAB-ELEC1
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

EDILAB-ELEC1

电解设备(3 Nl/h)

The Electrolyzer (3 Nl/h), "EDILAB-ELEC1", consists of an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen which uses a high performance and efficiency system based on water electrolysis. Hydrogen to be used safely is obtained from it. The electrolysis cell is a...
ELECTROLYZER (60 NL/H) - EDILAB-ELEC2
  • EDILAB-ELEC2
Available
5.3.9.- 氢燃料电池

EDILAB-ELEC2

电解设备(60 Nl/h)

The Electrolyzer (60 Nl/h), "EDILAB-ELEC2", designed by EDIBON, can separate hydrogen and oxygen from water by applying electricity.The "EDILAB-ELEC2", consists of an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen which uses a high performance and efficiency...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED STEAM TURBINE - TTVC
  • TTVC
Available
5.3.10.- 蒸汽轮机和有机朗肯循环

TTVC

蒸汽涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Computer Controlled Steam Turbine, "TTVC", consists of a single stage impulse steam turbine. It includes an injector, a brake, a water cooled condenser, safety mechanisms and all the necessary controls and instrumentation.The steam passes...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED SOLAR/HEAT SOURCE VAPOUR TURBINE - HTVC
  • HTVC
Available
5.3.10.- 蒸汽轮机和有机朗肯循环

HTVC

带太阳能能源的蒸汽涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The Computer Controlled Solar/Heat Source Vapour Turbine, "HTVC", has been designed to provide an easily understood vapour power plant and to demonstrate, on a lab scale, the ability to produce shaft power from Solar Radiation.It is a bench-top...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE UNIT - TORC
  • TORC
Available
5.3.10.- 蒸汽轮机和有机朗肯循环

TORC

计算机控制的有机朗肯循环单元

The Computer Controlled Organic Rankine Cycle Unit, "TORC", allows the student to study the complete process and the components of an organic Rankine Cycle, as well as the main variables that take part in the process. The working fluid (coolant...
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