5.- 能源

能源是为满足特定社会用途而提取和转化的一种自然资源,可以满足社会对商品和服务生产的需求。关于主要能源,我们可以区分可再生能源和不可再生能源。

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可再生能源是指取之不尽,用之不竭的能源。值得注意的是光伏太阳能,太阳能热能,风能,海洋能,地热能和生物燃料。

不可再生或常规能源是自然界中以有限方式发现的能源,通常会对环境造成巨大影响。最常见的是化石燃料,例如煤,石油和天然气,另一方面是通过核裂变和核聚变获得的核能。

为了从这些主要能源获取电能,需要电厂,例如燃煤电厂,联合循环电厂,核电厂,太阳能热电厂,光伏电厂,水力发电厂,风力发电厂等。

如今,不可再生能源日益稀缺,随着全球变暖,能效概念变得越来越重要。在寻求越来越多的先进技术解决方案以在能量产生,在用于其运输的电力系统以及在能量消耗的控制和管理中获得最大效率。技术和能源效率齐头并进。一个例子是智能电网的不断扩展。智能电网的范围从可再生能源发电,输电和配电系统到通过智能电表系统(如智能电表)管理用电。

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能源 子类别

5.1.- 智能电网和电力系统

智能电网是电力系统发展的结果。这些都是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的发展网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。由于可再生能源被纳入电力系统,发电的分散性越来越明显。这就是为什么电力流的分布成为一个巨大的挑战,因为根据基尔霍夫定律,电流往往在更大程度上通过阻抗较低的电力线流通。这就造成了电力网络的极大不平衡,使其性能受到损失。电力电子技术的巨大进步成功地挑战了基希霍夫定律,成功地控制了最复杂的电力网络中的功率流。目前集成到智能电网中用于控制功率流的尖端技术发展包括:移相变压器(PST)、柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)、静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)...

5.2.- 微网格

智能电网是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的进化网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。传统的发电、输电、配电和能源消费的电力系统结构已经不能满足日益增长的能源需求。智能电网...

5.3.- 可再生能源

可再生能源是清洁的、不受限制的、越来越有竞争力的能源。它们是基于利用自然资源的能源:太阳、风、水或植物或动物生物质。它们与化石燃料的区别主要在于它们的多样性、丰富性和在地球任何地方使用的潜力,但最重要的是它们不会产生温室气体。由于开发了可再生能源,就有可能应对气候变化,避免其破坏性影响。温室气体导致的全球变暖是一个事实,这就是为什么联合国确定的目标之一是到2030年实现全民用电。可再生能源有多种类型,如风能、光伏能、水能、生物质能和沼气、地热能、潮汐能、波浪或波浪能、生物乙醇和生物柴油等。鉴于可再生能源的重要性,应强调其主要优势:不排放温室气体,取之不尽,减少对能源的依赖,成本越来越低,...

5.4.- 常规能源

常规能源或不可再生能源是指自然界中以有限方式存在的所有能源。常规能源可分为两类:化石燃料和核燃料。在化石燃料中,我们可以区分出煤、石油和天然气,它们来自数百万年前的生物质,由于一定的压力和温度条件,它们获得了能量特性。化石燃料的优点是容易开采,临时供应量大,价格相对便宜。缺点是向大气中排放污染气体,且污染气体较细。另一方面,核燃料是铀和钚。其优点是连续生产丰富的能源,且在运行过程中不产生温室气体。问题是,它们的储备有限,而且会产生反应性废物。这些能量主要用于生产电能。由于有了发电厂,传统能源是利用这些燃料燃烧产热,然后用它来发电。通常情况下,是在锅炉或燃烧室中燃烧燃料产生蒸汽或加热气体。...

5.5.- 能源储备

如今,传统电网要想向能源分散化迈出决定性的一步,储能是必不可少的。问题在于,电能不能以原来的形式储存,即必须将其转化为其他形式的可以储存的能量。这些储能系统如水泵系统、压缩空气储能系统、飞轮、电化学蓄能器等。水泵系统的工作原理基本上是将水在高空推进,随后利用水因高空积累的势能。随后,流体通过大型管道,在管道中安装与发电机相连的水轮机。它是一个完全可再生的过程,不会产生温室气体排放。缺点是这些系统对环境的影响很大,因为它们需要对土地的地形进行重要修改,以便正确开发能源资源。使用压缩空气的储能系统,简称CAES,是将电能转化为机械能的另一种选择,反之亦然。目的是当风力发电场或光伏发电场的能源...

5.6.- 高压和电气保护系统

如今,电气系统可以说是世界上最大的互联系统之一。从小城镇到整个国家,数百公里的电力线相互连接。即使在海底,岛屿之间也有地下电缆,以满足这些人口的能源需求。高压电气系统是极其复杂的,因为它必须将某些电气变量控制在一定的范围内,不能变化。电压、频率和谐波水平是一些持续监测的电气参数。另外,电流和有功和无功功率流量以及功率因数也是其他决定性参数,以保证输送的电能有足够的质量和效率。此外,为了避免对电网造成不可逆的破坏,高压系统中还设有保护继电器,其目的是为了保护这些网络免受电气故障、雷击、错误操作等影响。由于这些原因,电力系统的设计和管理是一项非常复杂的工作,由于其行为的动态性和不断发生的能量...

5.7.- 安装与维护

当今社会的需求对任何行业来说都是一种挑战,因为行业必须在不断的发展和改造中才能适应这些需求。近年来,由于新的工业革命或 "工业4.0","工业物联网"(IIoT)和 "智能工厂...

能源 设备

Showing 121-138 of 138 item(s)
COMPUTER CONTROLLED STIRLING MOTOR - TMSC
  • TMSC
Available
5.3.11.- 其他非常规系统

TMSC

电脑控制斯特林电机

The Computer Controlled Stirling Motor, "TMSC", is used to demonstrate the operation of a thermodynamic machine for the conversion of energy. It converts thermal energy into mechanical energy and operates as a motor (heat engine). Additionally it...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED THERMO-ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP - TBTC
  • TBTC
Available
5.3.11.- 其他非常规系统

TBTC

热电热泵,由计算机(PC)控制

The Computer Controlled Thermo-Electric Heat Pump, "TBTC", allows the study of different phenomena in which heat and electricity take place (Thermoelectricity).Some of them are the Peltier effect, the Thomson or Lenz effect and the Seebeck effect....
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TWO -SHAFT GAS TURBINE - TGDEC
  • TGDEC
Available
5.4.- 常规能源

TGDEC

双轴燃气涡轮机,电脑控制(PC)

The main element of the Computer Controlled Two-Shaft Gas Turbine "TGDEC" is the High Pressure Turbine, which is also called Gas Generative Turbine. It consists of:Radial compressor, which is feeded by atmospheric air to compress it.Tubular...
FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION - AEL-FES
  • AEL-FES
Available
5.5.- 能源储备

AEL-FES

能量储存飞轮应用

The Flywheel Energy Storage Application, "AEL-FES", has been designed by EDIBON for the theoretical and practical training in the field of energy storage systems based on inertial systems such as the flywheel and the elevators with energy...
HIGH VOLTAGE LABORATORY SYSTEM - HVLS
  • HVLS
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

HVLS

High Voltage Laboratory System

The High Voltage Laboratory System "HVLS" is formed by a base unit and three optional test kits some optional made with highest precision to build different configurations in order to carry out high AC Voltage Tests, DC Voltage Tests and Impulse...
SMART GRIDS BATTERY STORAGE APPLICATION - AEL-SGSB
  • AEL-SGSB
Available
5.5.- 能源储备

AEL-SGSB

智能电网中电池储能的应用

The Smart Grids Battery Storage System Application, "AEL-SGSB", has been designed by EDIBON to study cutting-edge energy storing systems with smart battery and grid inverter. This grid inverter has the capacity to provide energy to the grid and it...
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE TEST APPLICATION - AEL-BESTA
  • AEL-BESTA
Available
5.5.- 能源储备

AEL-BESTA

储能电池测试应用

There are different systems to store energy, one of the most usual ways is the rechargeable electric batteries. There are many different types of batteries: lithium-ion, lithium-ion polymer, lead-acid, solid-state, redox flow battery, etc. Every...
PROTECTION RELAYS APPLICATION - ERP
  • ERP
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

ERP

保护继电器应用

The Protection Relays Test Application, "ERP", is one of the most advanced and safe units in the market for studying the operation of protection relays used in real electrical substations. This unit provides students, professors, and researchers...
CYBERSECURITY APPLICATION - ERP-CBM
  • ERP-CBM
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

ERP-CBM

网络安全应用

The Cybersecurity Application, "ERP-CBM", has been designed by EDIBON to allow the students, teachers and researchers to understand how substations are protected against cyber attacks.Power engineers demand the most reliable services for their...
CURRENT TRANSFORMER FUNDAMENTS APPLICATION FOR PROTECTIONS DEVICES - AEL-CTFP
  • AEL-CTFP
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

AEL-CTFP

应用电流互感器基础知识用于保护设备

The Current Transformer Fundaments Application for Protections Devices, "AEL-CTFP", has been designed by Edibon to demonstrate the students which the main functions of current transformers are and which the parameters that must be considered in...
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER FUNDAMENTS APPLICATION FOR PROTECTION DEVICES - AEL-VTFP
  • AEL-VTFP
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

AEL-VTFP

保护装置用电压变压器基础应用

The Voltage Transformer Fundaments Application for Protection Devices, "AEL-VTFP", has been designed by EDIBON to show the students which the main functions of voltage transformers are and which the parameters that must be considered in order to...
GENERATOR PROTECTION RELAY APPLICATION - AEL-GPRE
  • AEL-GPRE
Available
5.6.2.- 保护系统

AEL-GPRE

发电机保护继电器应用

The Generator Protection Relay Application, "AEL-GPRE", has been designed by EDIBON for the training at both the theoretical and practical levels in the field of control and protection systems of high power generators.This application presents...
MEASUREMENT AND REGULATION STATION UNIT - MRST
  • MRST
Available
9.10.3.- 安装和维护惯例

MRST

Measurement and Regulation Station Unit

The Measurement and Regulation Station Trainer,"MRST", designed by EDIBON is a totally accessible bench-top unit.The unit works with an air compressor that simulates the gas flowing inside the pipes (air testing), allowing to check the tightness...
INSTANTANEOUS GAS HEATER EXPERIMENTATION UNIT - IGHT
  • IGHT
Available
9.10.3.- 安装和维护惯例

IGHT

Instantaneous Gas Heater Experimentation Unit

The Instantaneous Gas Heater Trainer, ,IGHT,, designed by EDIBON, is a training unit with wheels to facilitate its mobility that represents a gas heater training system. The unit operates with air, simulating the operation of the heater, so it can...
FORCED DRAFT GAS BURNER UNIT - GBT
  • GBT
Available
9.10.3.- 安装和维护惯例

GBT

Forced Draft Gas Burner Unit

The Forced Air Gas Burner Trainer, "GBT", designed by EDIBON, is a compact teaching unit with wheels to facilitate its mobility. It represents a controlled gas system that supplies a forced air gas burner. It allows the study of the arrangement,...
DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY EXPERIMENTATION UNIT - GHST
  • GHST
Available
9.10.3.- 安装和维护惯例

GHST

家庭燃气供应实验设备

The Gas Home Supply Trainer, ,GHST,, designed by EDIBON, consists of a teaching unit where the elements normally used on any domestic gas installation are arranged on the front panel of the unit as in a real installation.The unit works with air,...
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