9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

热力学是物理学的一个分支，属于现象学的一个分支，它研究的是真实的、非模型的系统，遵循的是实验方法。因此，它们的定义是通过近似和测量变量的方式进行实验。

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从宏观上看，热力学系统是通过变量来定义的。可以测量大量的热力学变量，但只需要一个数字就可以明确地确定系统，即状态函数。压力、体积、温度、熵和焓是一些最重要的状态变量。

随着热力学变量的修改，物质的聚集状态发生变化。聚合的基本状态有固态、液态和气态，对于每一种元素或化合物来说，都有一定的压力和温度条件来发生状态变化。

为了简化实际的热力学系统和发生的状态变化，引入了理想气体模型概念。它们是由理想气体方程定义的。以同样的方式我们近似于理想的不可压缩液体。

在一个有液体的封闭系统中，液体和其汽相之间存在着热力学平衡。平衡状态下系统的压力和温度的演变定义了蒸汽压力的曲线，现有状态称为饱和状态。从这个演变过程中，温度-压力图表示。

这些概念的研究在实践中具有非常重要的意义，从根本上应用于水。例如，对理想的湿度、物质的收缩和膨胀的规范，然后应用于真实的热机，如涡轮机、喷嘴或蒸汽机，以评估运行制度。

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热力学的基本原理和基本概念 设备

1.- 物理学 2.- 电子学 3.- 通讯 4.- 电力 5.- 能源 6.- 机电一体化与自动化 7.- 力学 8.- 流体力学 9.- 热力学与热工学 10.- 过程控制 11.- 化学工程 12.- 食品科技 13.- 环境 14.- 生物醫學工程 实验室配件 定制试验工厂
9.2.- 加热, 通风, 空调和热水 9.3.- 热泵 9.4.- 冷藏 9.5.- 热力液压管路系统 9.6.- 传播热量 9.7.- 换热器 9.8.- 热机 9.9.- 内部燃烧发动机 9.10.- 安装与维护 9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED COMBUSTION LABORATORY UNIT - TVCC
  • TVCC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TVCC

Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit

The Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit, "TVCC", unit is mounted on a metallic frame that enables safe access to the equipment and an easy handling and access to the burner, combustion chamber and all the accessories and control panels....
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THERMAL EXPANSION TRAINING UNIT - TEDT
  • TEDT
Available
9.5.- 热力液压管路系统

TEDT

Thermal Expansion Training Unit

The Thermal Expansion Training Unit, "TEDT", allows to study the thermal expansion of different pipe sections and the thermal expansion force. It comprises original components as used in heating and sanitation systems. This unit provides...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXPANSION PROCESSES OF A PERFECT GAS UNIT - TEPGC
  • TEPGC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TEPGC

Computer Controlled Expansion Processes of a Perfect Gas Unit

The "TEPGC" is a unit designed to demonstrate the expansion and compression processes of a perfect gas and the basic principles of thermodynamics. The unit consists of two rigid vessels connected to each other. They are made of methacrylate to...
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BOMB CALORIMETER - TBCF
  • TBCF
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TBCF

Bomb Calorimeter

Bomb Calorimeter, "TBCF", comprises the calorimeter, a calorimeter vessel, an outer double walled water jacket, control unit to switch on/off the stirrer and the ignition device, an accurate thermometer and charging unit with pressure gauges to...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED SEPARATING AND THROTTLING CALORIMETER - TCESC
  • TCESC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TCESC

Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter

The Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter, "TCESC", has been designed to determine the steam humidity content and the dryness fraction of steam.This unit works with steam. The steam is introduced into the line by means of a...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED MARCET BOILER UNIT - TECMC
  • TECMC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TECMC

Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit

The Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit "TECMC" is an unit designed to demonstrate the relationship between pressure and temperature of the saturated steam for comparison with published results.The unit consists of an insulated stainless steel...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMTC
  • TMTC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TMTC

Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit

The Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMTC", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device...
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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMT
  • TMT
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TMT

Temperature Measurement Unit

The Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMT", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device that the student has...
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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT TRAINING UNIT - TEMT
  • TEMT
Available
9.10.3.- 安装和维护惯例

TEMT

Temperature Measurement Training Unit

The Temperature Measurement Training Unit, "TEMT", allows to compare the response of several devices to measure the temperature for different flows and different installation position of these devices.The unit includes four different measuring...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED GAS LAWS UNIT (BOYLE AND GAY-LUSSAC LAWS) - TLBGC
  • TLBGC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TLBGC

Computer Controlled Gas Laws Unit (Boyle and Gay-Lussac Laws)

The Computer Controlled Gas Laws Unit (Boyle and Gay-Lussac Law), "TLBGC", allows to demonstrate two fundamental gas laws: Boylend Mariotte's Law (isothermal change of state) and Gay-Lussac's 2 Law (isochoric change of state).The unit consists of...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED RECYCLE LOOPS UNIT - TRLC
  • TRLC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TRLC

Computer Controlled Recycle Loops Unit

The Computer Controlled Recycle Loops Unit, "TRLC", has been designed to demonstrate, both visually and experimentally, what a recycleloop is and how it works. It has many teaching applications, among them the performance of mass and energy...
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RECYCLE LOOPS UNIT - TRLB
  • TRLB
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TRLB

Recycle Loops Unit

The Recycle Loops Unit, "TRLB", has been designed to demonstrate, both visually and experimentally, what a recycle loop is and how itworks. It has many teaching applications, among them the performance of mass and energy balances under stable and...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED SATURATION PRESSURE UNIT - TSPC
  • TSPC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TSPC

Computer Controlled Saturation Pressure Unit

The Computer Controlled Saturation Pressure Unit, "TSPC", consists of a water boiler, including a computer controlled immersion heating element, and a sight glass to observe the boiling patterns in the water surface and control the water level...
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AIR HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMHA
  • TMHA
Available
9.2.- 加热, 通风, 空调和热水

TMHA

Air Humidity Measurement Unit

The Air Humidity Measurement Unit, "TMHA", enables the differences in accuracy between different instruments to measure the air relative humidity. It also includes a fan to show the effects of airflow on the different instruments. A mobile...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED FLAME PROPAGATION AND STABILITY UNIT - TVPLC
  • TVPLC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TVPLC

Computer Controlled Flame Propagation and Stability Unit

The Computer Controlled Flame Propagation and Stability Unit, "TVPLC", is a teaching unit which allows to obtain various flames by changing the quantities of the fuel – comburent mix. The unit is prepared to work with different gaseous fuels, so...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS UNIT - HFCC
  • HFCC
Available
8.7.5.- 压缩机

HFCC

Computer Controlled Flow of Compressible Fluids Unit

The Computer Controlled Flow of Compressible Fluids Unit, "HFCC", allows to study the variation of pressure and density, the speeds of the fluid, the different fluctuations that the fluid presents when fluids across different sections in a pipe,...
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COMPUTER CONTROLLED NOZZLE PERFORMANCE TEST UNIT - TFTC
  • TFTC
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TFTC

Computer Controlled Nozzle Performance Test Unit

The Computer Controlled Nozzle Performance Test Unit, "TFTC", has been specially designed to allow students to investigate and study the performance of a nozzle (kinetic energy and thrust). Operating from a normal laboratory compressed air...
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NOZZLE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION UNIT - TPT
  • TPT
Available
9.1.- 热力学的基本原理和基本概念

TPT

Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit

The Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit, "TPT", allows to investigate the pressure distribution and the mass flow rate in nozzles (convergentdivergent and convergent nozzles).The unit includes three types of nozzles:Convergent type (conical) nozzle,...
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